How Children Succeed - Grit, Curiosity, and the Hidden Power of Character by Paul Tough

If you read nothing else but the first chapter of this book, you will have a greater understanding why some kids have such a hard time making it through life.  By discussing childhood trauma through the lens of the ACE Childhood studies and an understanding of how stress impacts learning, Paul Tough makes a strong case for increased focus on building attachment relationships and self-regulation/control in the early years, rather than tests scores.  Learning cannot occur when the child is focused on survival in a world of poverty and violence, but needs to feel safe and believe in a future.
I have to admit that I was not as enamored of the rest of the book as I was that first chapter, but I encourage you to read that first chapter thoroughly and then scan the rest of the book for what may draw your attention.
You can also read more about the book and Paul Tough via this link at NPR or this review at Kirkus.